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Mysterious Amman Citadel Inscription Could Be A Curse, Dedication Or Building Inscription

MessageToEagle.com – The modern city of Amman (biblical Hebrew Rabbath Ammon), Jordan, sits on the site of ancient Rabbath-ammon, capital of the territory of Ammon.

Ammon, located to the northeast of the Dead Sea, between the rivers Arnon and Jabbok, was one of ancient Israel’s neighbors and a frequent enemy.

The Inscription pictured here was found in the 1960’s in the Citadel, or fortress, of Amman, ancient Rabbath-ammon. Photograph by Bruce and Kenneth Zuckerman, West Semitic Research. Courtesy Department of Antiquities, Jordan.

Since remote antiquity, there have existed fortified settlements in this area and archaeological excavations revealed the earliest remains dated back to the Chalcolithic Age (c. 4000-c. 3000 BC). Later, a Semitic people known as the Ammonites occupied the area, which is often mentioned in the Bible as ‘Ammon’.

In the 1960’s, archaeologists discovered an interesting inscription in the Citadel (or fortress), of Amman, ancient Rabbath-ammon. Some experts say the artifact (a stela) is a building inscription regarding the Citadel or a temple; some others have proposed that the inscription is an oracle or some kind of instruction from the Ammonites’ god Milkom (Melqom) or even the dedication of a temple to him.

Amman Citadel

His name is mentioned in the first line of the text.

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The inscription contains several references to parts of buildings (could be a building inscription), but also has certain elements of a curse. The text contains eight lines of writing and it dates to the second half of the 9th century BC.

At some time in antiquity the inscribed stela was cut in a roughly rectangular shape for reuse in a building project.

Translation of the Amman Citadel Inscription: Image courtesy: K. C. Hanson’s Collection of West Semitic Documents

If it is a building inscription, it fits into a well-known type of text In the ancient Near East, it was customary to attach a record to an important structure and inform to whom the building was dedicated and why it was built.

However, the discovered inscription is incomplete, we cannot be sure of its original purpose. The language of the Ammonites is closely related to Hebrew and ancient Phoenician, but the script they used is much closer to the script used for Aramaic at that time.

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