MessageToEagle.com - A group of 152 Vietnam veterans with combat-related brain injuries contributed
to an important study conducted by a team of neuroscientists to create the first detailed map of the brain
regions that contribute to emotional intelligence - the ability to process emotional information and navigate the social world.
The study, which appears in the journal
Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, found significant overlap between general intelligence and emotional
intelligence, both in terms of behavior and in the brain.
Higher scores on general intelligence tests corresponded significantly with higher performance on measures of emotional
intelligence, and many of the same brain regions were found to be important to both.
"This was a remarkable group of patients to study, mainly because it allowed us to determine the degree to which
damage to specific brain areas was related to impairment in specific aspects of general and emotional intelligence,"
said study leader Aron K. Barbey, a professor of neuroscience, of psychology and of speech and hearing science at the
Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois.
A previous study led by Barbey mapped the neural basis of general intelligence by analyzing how specific brain injuries
(in a larger sample of Vietnam veterans) impaired performance on tests of fundamental cognitive processes.
In both studies, researchers pooled data from CT scans of participants' brains to produce a collective, three-dimensional
map of the cerebral cortex. They divided this composite brain into 3-D units called voxels. They compared the cognitive
abilities of patients with damage to a particular voxel or cluster of voxels with those of patients without injuries in
those brain regions.
This allowed the researchers to identify brain areas essential to specific cognitive abilities, and
those that contribute significantly to general intelligence, emotional intelligence, or both.
They found that specific regions in the frontal cortex (behind the forehead) and parietal cortex (top of the brain near
the back of the skull) were important to both general and emotional intelligence.
The frontal cortex is known to be involved in regulating behavior. It also processes feelings of reward and plays a
role in attention, planning and memory.
The parietal cortex helps integrate sensory information, and contributes to bodily coordination and language processing.
Vietnam Veterans Help Neuroscientists Map Emotional Intelligence in the Brain
"Historically, general intelligence has been thought to be distinct from social and emotional intelligence," Barbey said.
The most widely used measures of human intelligence focus on tasks such as verbal reasoning or the ability to remember
and efficiently manipulate information, he said.
"Intelligence, to a large extent, does depend on basic cognitive abilities, like attention and perception and memory and
language," Barbey said. "But it also depends on interacting with other people. We're fundamentally social beings and our
understanding not only involves basic cognitive abilities but also involves productively applying those abilities to
social situations so that we can navigate the social world and understand others."
The new findings will help scientists and clinicians understand and respond to brain injuries in their patients, Barbey
said, but the results also are of broader interest because they illustrate the interdependence of general and
emotional intelligence in the healthy mind.
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